Lack of interest in mathematics Essay

This paper investigates the conduct, perspectives and convictions of elementary school understudies towards arithmetic in the study hall and the effect this may have on their numerical capacity. The investigation concentrated on year 3 students from a nearby school, some of whom partook in center gatherings towards the finish of the undertaking. The kids finished short worksheets, which were utilized to invigorate a guided conversation on what parts of science the kids loved and detested. The point of this venture was to seclude potential reasons for negative perspectives towards arithmetic and to talk about what their suggestions may be. Watchwords: Primary, Attitudes, Purpose, Anxiety, Confidence, Language, Reflection Presentation Mathematicians have since quite a while ago held an elevated level of regard among their scholastic companions. However the subject of arithmetic, albeit loved, stays a wellspring of nervousness and fear for an enormous number of individuals. Across the board pessimism towards arithmetic shows up in numerous structures, from distortion in the media to the social shame that appears to encompass the individuals who are numerically talented. Kids regularly put science aside as a reason for worry, regardless of their constrained introduction to it (Hoyles 1982). It is a subject not at all like most others, since it requires a lot of diligence from the person so as to succeed. An antagonistic demeanor towards arithmetic could extensively lessen a person’s ability to persevere with an issue. Without the capacity to continue on, scientific improvement is probably going to be troublesome. The motivation behind this venture is to decide the conceivable main drivers of these negative perspectives towards arithmetic. The examination concentrated on Year 3 students from a nearby school, some of whom partook in center gatherings. Three center gatherings were done, each comprising of four kids with comparable capacities. Youngsters were chosen dependent on perceptions from past visits. Subjects were picked in the event that they showed solid affections possibly in support of science, or on the off chance that they were at the limits of the capacity run. The center gatherings went on for around 30 minutes and were broken into two sections. Right off the bat, the kids were given 10 minutes to endeavor four inquiries customized to their capacity go. The inquiries included evenness, math, a word issue and a critical thinking exercise. The rest of the time was utilized to talk about what the youngsters felt about science, utilizing the worksheet as a point of convergence. It is trusted that this task will give noteworthy bits of knowledge into why numerous youngsters have a cynical attitude toward arithmetic and show where future examination is required. Arithmetic and its evident absence of direction Kids may discover the idea of arithmetic hard to adapt to as its more extensive arriving at suggestions can be difficult to see. Tests are done for the physical sciences, From Informal Proceedings 29-1 (BSRLM) accessible at bsrlm.org.uk  © the creator †7 Joubert, M. (Ed.) Proceedings of the British Society for Research into Learning Mathematics 29(1) March 2009 pictures are attracted workmanship class and language aptitudes are utilized in regular associations with others. In any case, arithmetic has a formal composed sense about it, where exercises stay impalpable to the youngster. From the comments I saw in the center gatherings, it appears that youngsters think that its hard to cause an association between the work they to do on paper and its viable applications. The accompanying transcript is taken from the high-capacity center gathering: Charlie: You should be acceptable with numeracy, state when you’re state, looking for something †You have to turn out to be how much you’re paying. You don’t must be a virtuoso at it, yet you must be very acceptable at it. f you’re a retailer, and somebody gave you like about  £20, and something resembled  £15 and they didn’t realize a lot of the amount to give them back. What's more, in the event that you didn’t know, you ought to learn more in your maths. It was somewhat astonishing to see students over the whole capacity extend unfit to make associations among arithmetic and its numerous handy employments. Checking cash was the main affiliation that they had the option to make, despite the fact that it had not been canvassed in late work. It is fascinating that the high achievers, albeit numerically skilled, couldn't set up any more genuine applications than the low achievers. Notwithstanding, the low achievers present all the more a worry, as inspiration to improve their numerical comprehension can't be supported by their inborn capacity. Surely, the youngsters can't be required to make these associations without help from an instructor. Indeed, some accept that the best educators are connectionists (Askew et al. 1997), albeit maybe there is right now lacking accentuation on the useful employments of arithmetic in the educational program. Human instinct doesn't support pointless undertakings; on the off chance that a troublesome errand seems to have no reason, at that point hardly any will keep on finishing it. In the event that low achievers can't see the more extensive advantages of having solid numerical abilities, at that point they may need inspiration, which is fundamental in a troublesome subject, for example, arithmetic. Understanding the reason for arithmetic ought assist with improving inspiration, however could help in the real definition of ideas. In 1991, Harel and Tall examined the significance of what they called ‘the need principle’: From Informal Proceedings 29-1 (BSRLM) accessible at bsrlm.org.uk  © the creator †8 Joubert, M. (Ed.) Proceedings of the British Society for Research into Learning Mathematics 29(1) March 2009 This standard expresses that the topic must be introduced so that students can see its need. For if understudies don't see the method of reasoning for a thought (e.g., a meaning of an activity, or a symbolization for an idea), the thought would appear to them as being evoked self-assertively; it doesn't turn into an idea of the understudies. (Harel and Tall, 1991 41) They accepted that a thought is bound to be disconnected effectively if the student can recognize the need of the idea. With regards to this venture, the student should know about the reason behind their work. For youthful students, understanding the handy employments of science could be adequate to both inspire them and permit the need guideline to be fulfilled. Further examination is required on this issue, as its extension might be more prominent than recently suspected. Likewise with all the discoveries in this venture, the information was gathered from a little example gathering, thus it might be hard to sum up to a bigger populace. Nonetheless, in view of the striking likenesses between reactions in this specific study hall and the general demeanor towards arithmetic in our general public, I would propose that the obvious absence of direction in science is an assumption felt by many. Self-conviction and numerical capacity Nothing was more apparent during the center gatherings than the absence of self-beliefâ shown by numerous individuals of the youngsters. Low and center achievers immediately surrender to disappointment, without genuinely endeavoring the entirety of the inquiries on their worksheet. There was a steady relationship of science with ‘cleverness’, the same number of the youngsters felt that numeracy was more earnestly than proficiency, however that to be sharp you must be acceptable at numeracy. Essentially the youngsters were inferring that somebody who exceeds expectations in proficiency won't be seen as being cunning except if they can show a comparable commendable capacity in numeracy. Therefore, kids who saw themselves to be powerless felt that they would be unequipped for taking care of harder scientific issues. A young lady from the center capacity bunch commented: Faye: I’m simply going to do a basic answer, which is presumably off-base. While some would state that any answer is superior to no answer, Faye’s choice to surrender and estimate happened before she had given any genuine thought to the inquiry. This model was commonplace of her low trust in science; a disposition which I accept significantly distorts her capacity. Huge numbers of the kids gave indications of nervousness while endeavoring the worksheets, rearranging clumsily in their seats, looking at their companions with stressed articulations and offering negative remarks about the trouble of the ebb and flow task. Past investigation into nervousness and arithmetic (Hoyles, 1982) demonstrates that an association may lie between an individual’s saw capacity and their degree of accomplishment. The supreme idea of arithmetic, where there is regularly just one right answer, could add significantly to a negative disposition towards science. Generally speaking, young ladies communicated a lot of lower certainty than young men, even among the high achievers. They much of the time credited achievement and inability to outer components, for example, karma and the apparent trouble of an inquiry. In correlation, most young men perceived that achievement was because of their own capacity, and that disappointment was brought about by either an absence of exertion or comprehension on their part. While this qualification was not supreme it applied to most by far of students that partook in the center gatherings. The differenceâ in perspectives towards arithmetic between sexual orientations has been investigated inside and out by many, quite Stipek and Gralinski (1991). In spite of the fact that young ladies and young men are generally equivalent in the alliance tables at GCSE level, there is a wonderful contrast in A-level and University take-up. It is very conceivable that elementary school encounters are estranging young ladies from the subject, to the impediment of their drawn out numerical turn of events. The purpose behind this is as of now muddled and warrants further From Informal Proceedings 29-1 (BSRLM) accessible at bsrlm.org.uk  © the creator †9 Joubert, M. (Ed.) Proceedings of the British Society for Research into Learning Mathematics 29(1) March 2009 Without a doubt, the educator faces a daunting task attempting to balan

How Does Stevenson Create Intrigue Interest for Th E Reader Free Essays

Investigate how Stevenson makes a feeling of interest and connects with the reader’s enthusiasm for ‘Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’. All through this novel Stevenson reliably utilizes his characters to make and draw in the reader’s interest; Utterson first feeds the puzzle of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde when he respects to Mr Enfield; ‘Did you ever comment that entryway? †Enfield coming back with the presentation of a strange story wherein Mr Hyde is referenced just because. Stevenson utilizes Hyde’s severe and apparently shocking mindset to capture the reader’s consideration; guaranteeing not to give the peruser to much detail in order to catch their advantage and leave them holding tight the finish of each unanswered inquiry. We will compose a custom article test on How Does Stevenson Create Intrigue Interest for Th E Reader or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now As the story proceeds, Stevenson deliberately puts occasions and hints to give the peruser a more extensive image of the slippery Mr Hyde without giving them an excess of data; a case of the puzzle being step by step extended is in section two when Utterson is scanning for Hyde †the peruser finds that Utterson has the desire of Dr Henry Jekyll in which the peruser discovers that Hyde is qualified for Henry Jekyll’s legacy and that he is permitted to pass unreservedly all through Jekyll’s house; the will and Jekyll’s trust in Hyde being utilized so as to set up a connection between the them two. In section four the peruser discovers that Hyde has killed Sir Danvers Carew; a man of high status, giving us further knowledge into Hyde’s valid and imprudent nature and granting the peruser with a further connection among Hyde and Jekyll. At the point when the peruser finds in part five that Dr Jekyll has manufactured a letter for Mr Hyde note that Stevenson is continually testing the peruser regarding why Jekyll and Hyde are associated since the two are classed in various positions of society; Jekyll was a regarded specialist whom was depicted as a ‘large, all around made, smooth-confronted man of fifty’ with each sign of limit and kindness’ who lived in a ‘square of old, attractive houses’ though Hyde is despised by numerous and was ‘pale and small, he gave an impression of disfigurement with no nameable malformation’ who lived in ‘the bleak quarter of Soho’ ‘with its sloppy ways, and slatternly passages’ †it’s a marvel to the peruser what Jekyll found in the lower class Hyde. Stevenson makes Dr Jekyll as opposed to Mr Hyde utilizing clear yet totally inverse portrayals of the two men to make a fascinating dynamic inside the novel; t esting the peruser concerning whether the lower and higher class individuals inside Victorian culture can stroll on an equivalent level. In the last two hapters Stevenson uncovers to the peruser that Henry Jekyll has been controlling science so that, utilizing ‘unscientific balderdash’, he has part the human still, small voice; the great side of the still, small voice being Dr Jekyll and the malevolent side of the heart being Mr Hyde †the peruser is frightened that science has been utilized in such a manner however the stun of the novel is invigorating and has been written so that the crude mercilessness of the story gives the peruser a rush. The manner by which Stevenson interests the peruser is predominantly down to the manner by which he retains and presents specific subtleties from the peruser so that through the novel they can just amass a concealed judgment of ‘The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ and that just in the last sections, when ea ch intimation is given a significance, can they really comprehend Dr Jekyll’s genuine nature; it is along these lines that Stevenson prompts fervor, interest and puzzle into his novel and makes an exceptional quality of interest and intrigue. The most effective method to refer to How Does Stevenson Create Intrigue Interest for Th E Reader, Papers

TOEFL Essay Topics to Prepare For

TOEFL Essay Topics to Prepare ForIt's always good to prepare a list of TOEFL essay topics that you are most comfortable with, but if you are a new TOEFL taker it is crucial that you familiarize yourself with all the topics on the test. In fact, taking a few practice tests in advance is the best way to give yourself the best possible chance of passing the test.Don't be afraid to try your hand at multiple subjects from your previous test subject. Some new TOEFL exam takers choose to make a different essay topic for each test subject; this gives them a better opportunity to focus on what they are studying and learn about it thoroughly. Just be sure to take the same course of action in each subject.If you find that you aren't too comfortable writing essays, a good strategy is to just read a book or magazine article on the topic of your TOEFL test. Take a look at the language used and figure out what kind of tone you would use. This will allow you to come up with a creative and unique wri ting style.The personal characteristics of your writing style will also help you to differentiate your own approach to writing from others' approach. It is always important to remember that everyone is different and when trying to write for the TOEFL you must be different too. This is a good way to write as if you have already taken the test before you begin writing.The list of essay topics that you prepare for can vary according to the specific exam that you have scheduled. Some exams are based on social issues, while others will be more focused on foreign languages. While some materials may have topic lists that correspond to one specific area of learning, most exam materials are going to include other topics that are likely to come up during the examination.When writing your exam, you will need to be able to recognize the proper uses of vocabulary and expressions. While you may not know how to study for these types of questions, your comprehension of this type of material is more important. Of course, you may have practiced your writing before you took the exam, but be prepared for it to come up in the test.You should be familiar with your personal style and what you like to write about. The topics that you have listed should always be clearly outlined for you to see where you will be spending your time. Once you find these topics that you are most comfortable with, you can begin to develop your style.While this is a general list of some of the most common topics on the TOEFL test, it is essential that you spend the time to familiarize yourself with all of the material that you will be required to write. It is often helpful to go back and review your past exams and select some topics that you feel comfortable with. This will allow you to hone your skills and expand your vocabulary and expression as you continue your studies.

Equity trusts on the three certainties Free Essay Example, 1500 words

If any of the three certainties is absence, then it is considered that there is no trust among the parties. Based on the Testator Thomas will that he left to his sister Rebecca, it is possible to determine whether the there was trust in each of the four settlements in the will. They have been labelled a, b, c and d by evaluating whether the elements/principles of trust exist3. a). In the first statement of Testator Thomas will leave to his sister Rebecca, it can be that Thomas left collection of antique violins to Richard, his elder brother who had to pass them to Thomas nieces. In this will, it can be seen that the three elements of trust exist. Firstly, Thomas has portrayed an intention to establish trust by writing a will and leaving it to Rebecca as his executor. The purpose can be seen in his statement when he assert that he had left his antique violins collections to his elder brother Richard who is supposed to pass them to Thomas, nieces. The language used, in this case, indicates that there was an intention to create trust. We will write a custom essay sample on Equity & trusts on the three certainties or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The facts may be seen in the case of Paul v Constance. In the case, Mr. Constance had just undergone through a broken marriage and decides to elope with Ms. Paul though they had not yet officially married. A few months after the elopement, Mr. Constance broke his leg. He was compensated for 950 pound and put the money in the joint account. However, before the death of Mr. Constance it was asserted by Ms. Paul that his money was their money. The court decided that the words used by Mr. Constance amount to the establishment of trust and, therefore, Ms. Paul was entitled to Mr. Constance money. The phrase money, as utilized by Mr. Constance in the case, was enough evidence to indicate the existence of the trust. In the same manner, there was as in the Mr. Constancy case the phrase complete confidences as used by Mr. Thomas implies there was an intention to create trust4. The other certainty that indicate trust was present in Mr. Thomas will be the object. The object under consideration in the first stamen of Mr. Thomas will be the Antique Violins collections that he left to his brother Richard who was supposed to pass them to his nieces. In this case, fixed trust kind of trust may be observed. The testator has chosen a certain type of people to give a certain proportion of his property to the beneficiaries, nieces. The presence of the object in Mr. Thomas case is supported by the case of IRC v Broadway cottage. In addition, there was the presence of the subject, nieces who were to inherit Thomas property as described in the will5.

Detecting Signs of E.T.

From time to time, the news media falls in love with stories about how aliens have been found. From the detection of a possible signal from a distant civilization to tales of an alien megastructure around a star observed by the Kepler Space Telescope to the story of the WOW! signal detected in 1977 by an astronomer at Ohio State University, any time theres a hint of a puzzling discovery in astronomy, we see breathless headlines that aliens have been found.   In point of fact, there hasnt been an alien civilization found...yet. But, astronomers keep looking! Finding Something Weird In late summer 2016, astronomers picked up what seemed like a signal from a distant sun-like star called HD 164595. Preliminary searches using the Allen Telescope Array in California showed that the signal picked up by a Russian telescope was not likely from an alien civilization. However, more telescopes will check out the signal to understand what it is and what could be making it. For   now, however, its problem not little green aliens sending us a howdy.   Another star, called KIC 8462852, was observed by Kepler for more than four years. It appears to have a variability in its brightness. That is, the light we perceive coming from this F-type star dims periodically. Its not a regular period of time, so its probably not caused by an orbiting planet. Such planet-caused dimmings are called transits. Kepler has cataloged many stars using the transit method and found thousands of planets this way. But, the dimming of KIC 8462852 was just too irregular. While astronomers and observers worked on cataloging its dimmings, they also talked to an astronomer who had been thinking hard about what we might see if a distant star had planets with life on them. And, in particular, if that life was technologically able to build superstructures around their star to harvest its light (for example).    What Could it Be? If a big structure orbited a star, it could cause the variability in the stars brightness to be irregular or even random-seeming. Of course, there are some caveats with this idea. First, distance is a problem. Even a fairly large structure would be difficult to detect from Earth, even with very strong detectors. Second, the star itself could have some strange variable pattern, and astronomers would need to observe it for longer periods of time to figure out what it is. Third, stars with dust clouds around them can also have fairly large planetary structures forming. Those planetesimals could also cause irregular brightness dips in the starlight we detect from Earth, especially if they were orbiting at staggered distances. Finally, catastrophic collisions between clumps of material around a star could deliver huge groups of objects such as cometary nuclei in orbit around the star. Those could also affected the perceived brightness of the star.   The Simple Truth In science, theres a rule that we follow called Occams Razor — it means, essentially, for any given event or object you observe, generally the most plausible explanation is the simplest one.   In this case, stars with clumps of dust, planetesimals, or roving exo-comets are more likely than aliens. Thats because stars FORM in cloud of gas and dust, and younger stars still have material around them left over from the formation of their planets. KIC 8462852 could be in in a planet-forming stage, consistent with its age and mass (its about 1.4 times the mass of the Sun and a bit younger than our star). So, the simplest explanation here is NOT an alien megacomplex, but swarms of comets.   The Search Protocol The search for extrasolar planets has always been a prelude to a search for life elsewhere in the universe. Each star and planet system discovered to have worlds has to be examined carefully so that astronomers understand its inventory of planets, moons, rings, asteroids, and comets. Once thats done, the next step is to figure out if the worlds are friendly to life -— that is, are they habitable? They do this by trying to understand if the world has an atmosphere, where it is in its orbit around the star, and what its evolutionary state might be.   So far, none have been found hospitable. But, theyll be found. Odds are, there is intelligent life elsewere in the universe. Eventually, we will detect it — or it will find us. In the meantime, astronomers on Earth continue to search for habitable planets around likely stars. The more they study, they more theyll be ready to recognize lifes effects elsewhere.

Business Strategy And Project Management - 1653 Words

1. Srivannaboon.S, Milosevic.Z.D (2005). A two-way influence between business strategy and project management. According to the authors Srivannaboon.S, and Milosevic.Z.D (2005), the alignment of project management with the corporate strategy is critical to achieve the company’s short term and long term goals. The main objective of project management is to guide the company towards its goals within the set time frame and cost. In today’s globalization, business leaders are facing many challenges from competition for market share, new technology innovations, new regulations from the government, changing needs and preferences of consumers. The project management processes, tools, and the trained professionals are helping today’s organizations†¦show more content†¦3. Munns.K.A, Bjeirmi.F.B (1996).The role of project management in achieving project success, International Journal of Project Management Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 81-87, 1996. According to the author Munns.K.A, Bjeirmi.F.B (1996), organizations are using different techniques to manage projects. The perception of project management is varied from company to company and country to country. For example, government projects will have different control mechanisms compared to the private sector commercial projects. In private sector the return on investment in financial terms is a priority, and social benefits are the main focus for federally funded projects. Political influences and bureaucrats interferences in the execution and outcome of projects are rampant in public funded initiatives. As the author Munns.K.A, Bjeirmi.F.B (1996) argued, the role of different project management techniques to implement projects successfully has been widely established in areas such as the planning and control of time, cost and quality. Projects are unique and short term to achieve a specific goal, and need a separate team of skilled resource. According to the author Munns.K.A, Bjeirmi.F.B (1996), It is difficult to execute a project with regular and functionally hierarchical organizations. In traditional and hierarchical

Routine Molecular Evaluation of Pathogen - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Routine Molecular Evaluation of Pathogen Clusters. Answer: Introduction: The field of health care field is one of the most dynamic sectors that continue to experience fast growth rates day after day. To navigate through this dynamism, well-educated individuals with high skill levels are needed. Hendershot (2011) contends that this is what is needed to manage healthcare facilities. Working in healthcare management gives ample opportunities for professionals who seek a career in a fast-paced sector as pointed out by Raymond (2016).Infection control management refers to a set of structures and systems which an organization or health facility put in place to protect and ensure quality care services are delivered to the patient (Raymond, 2016).Infection Control Management in health and disability services is a framework that seeks to ensure quality and consistently facilitate safe health and disability services.It seeks to identify practices designed to minimize infection rates in the health and disability sector. According to Allegranzi et al., (2011), infect ion control management sector needs to be thoroughly polished for effective control.All health workers should take responsibility for infection prevention and control, an aspect that adopts infection control management to prevent cross transmission from recognized and unrecognized sources of infection as pointed out by Riley (2017). Integral to managing population health, many health facilities are employing non-medicalstrategies to make communities healthier and at the lowest cost. Knoer (2017) denotes that it is achieved by partnering with community governments to improve neighborhood workability, make outdoor physical activities more accessible, promote healthy diets, eliminate smoking, and ensure access to medical and mental health services. According to Zingg et al (2015) health facilities vary in complexity, to size and the degree of risks associated with the services provide- these are all factors that determine how a health facility is programmed. In a 500 bed hospital setting, Mutters et al. (2017)denotes that the facility needs to be well-sized. Therefore, the infection control management program is designed to ensure that all rooms within the setting run concurrently to minimize the chances of any infection occurrence either to the patients or the care givers. A 500 bed setting requires effective strategies that will help in managing risk of infection using a clearly defined procedure as stipulated in the infection control program. According to the standard, Riley (2017) denotes that every room with beds should be monitored in terms of the size and space available in the facility considering the kind of infection that may occur. Within a 500 bed setting, the management practices adopted in the setting should be aimed at minimizing infection according to Raymond (2016). As per the standard, the strategies to be adopted should include; Routine cleaning of the rooms with the most preferred detergent that reduces the survival of microorganisms that might lead to infection. Thorough disinfection of the surfaces to kill the microorganisms like bacteria hence minimizing infection and development of other infections. Routine washing of the beddings. Wearing personal protection by the facility staff concerned with the cleaning of the rooms and washing of the beddings to avoid cross-contamination from the patients. According to Henny and Gunther (2017), the major area covered in infection control management include cleanliness of accountability as well as clearly defined and documented infection prevention control {IPC} program. Personnel involved in infection control should have access to ample resources to facilitate them in carrying out their responsibilities. Dedefo et al. (2016) denotes that these include safe storage for work records, ample working spaceand access to resources like current infection control text, journal, personnel, database, library; sufficient working time to avoid erroneous mistakes and a reliable information technology and audit officer to ensure the records are in check and up-to-date.The framework for infection prevention and control is stipulated by a committee that comprises of members from different departments within the health facility. The program should be followed to the latter by all infection control personnel within the health facility. According to Lee et al. (2011), the key stakeholders play a big role in the management infection control within the 500 bed setting to ensure patient safety. Best results are always felt when work is done in harmony and therefore in infection control management especially in the 500 bed hospital setting which is a big facility needs team work among the staff. Team work makes work easier because the only requirement is good communication amongst the team members so that whatever infection control needed to be done happens at the same time according to the program and the team leaders ensure that it is done perfectly without errors (Panchalingam Levine, 2016). Infection control Preventionist is a professional who possess a comprehensive set of skills requisite for investigation, prevention and management of the spread of infections within healthcare centers as pointed out by Reidy et al. (2015). Their expertise and skills in clinical work helps improving patient outcomes and curb any emerging infection cases in the health facility. Any individual with primary professional training in microbiology, epidemiology, or other related field can work as an Infection Preventionist. Liddell, A, Rollin (2016)also denotes that Infection Preventionist must have qualifications with regards to the requisite, training, experience and educationand must have the relevant certification. The bare minimum for an Infection Preventionist is part-time engagement at the health facility. The individual must have completed specialized training in infection prevention and control. The import of this is that a nurse already employed in a healthcare facility qualifies to assume the role of Infection Preventionist although additional training is an added advantage. Any other personnel with relevant training can work as an Infection Preventionist.Working in this area enableshealthcare professionals to access varied clinical and managerial experiences owing to the fact that it entails collaborating with professional from diverse training backgrounds. This helps to forge working relationships across different disciplines. According to Knoer (2017) control prevention supports healthcare activities and therefore must be applied at all times in the healthcare provision setting. The anticipated level of exposure to blood and other body fluids and the level of interaction between healthcare giver and patient determinethe application of Control Prevention. To consistently revise infection control policies and programs to ensure they are up to date. To ensure they are understood, and adhered to by all parties involved in the provision of health care. The effectiveness of policies is subject to thorough understanding by the staff members. Any staff training that has a direct impact on theinfection prevention and control is the responsibility of the Infection Preventionist. He/she ensures that staff is well versed with policies regarding resident immunizations particularly pneumococcol diseases and influenza and that they adhere to the guidelines. The Infection Preventionist must work in collaboration with theresidents representative to see to nit that the nursing staff is informed on previously administered immunizations and those that the residents might be in need of. The Infection Preventionist must also document all incidents regarding infections. Ensure a system is in place to document incidents. He/she should apart from documentation, further undertake to identify infection trends by applying root cause analysis sustainable corrective actions. Monitoring the antibiotic use by patient is another key responsibity of Infection Preventionists (IP). They must planfor the antibiotic stewardship program and start trending. Having sufficient information on the facility on the current antibiotic trends is vital for the IP too. This places them at a position where they can supervise the antibiotic stewardship program and continuously making improvement to the system in place to monitor and evaluate the antibiotic use by the patients. IPs must train on infection control. From the basics of infection prevention which encompasses hand hygiene and food handling to infection controlwhich includesisolation procedures, the training should take place on a continuous basis to ensure staffs are ready for incidents all the time. IPs must take active part the formulation of local and national policies, procedures and campaigns that are relevant to standard infection control precautions. Subsequent to this, the IP should discuss with the facility leadership and report on infection control and prevention measures, trends, and issues in the facility as part of the training process. The IP ensures that the stipulatedprinciples of standard infection control are observed by thecare givers, patients and residents, and visitors and other staff in the facility. There are categories of patients whose management can be a challenge for the infection prevention and control. These are children or even adults who are living with disabilities and have to rely on invasive invasive devices such as tracheostomies central lines, dialysis catheters,gastrostomy tubes on a long term basis. Kawakami and Misao (2014) point out that this is category of patients have increased susceptibility to infections. Therefore, they are considered to be in need of primary healthcare by family members, an aspect that becomes a challenge because of the increased chances of multiple infections. The Concept of Clinical Governance According Pirkis (2017), clinical governance is a framework that guides the National Health Services facilities to ensure accountability and commits them to continuously undertake to improve the quality of services they offer to patients hence creating an environment that promotes clinical excellence. It focuses on the centrality of the patient welfare and advocates a multidisciplinary approach in developing effective healthcare systems. This commits the healthcare providers to ensure they minimize risks in the workplace both for the patients and for staff. These provide a guideline for healthcare providers to then develop their own criteria and standards that adhere to clinical governance as outlined by Richards (2016) in the article infection control; taking the lead.Clinical governance has got various components that are kept in practice by involved parties and they include; This concerns risk minimization. It involves identify the potential sources of risks to the patient during care and understanding the factors involved. Additionally, it includes evaluating the risk situations and adverse events and learning lessons from such incidents to inform future actions in a bid to ensure a recurrence is prevented and the risks minimized. Clinical audit is a means of measuring the quality of work done by healthcare providers. These include nurses, doctors, medical lab personnel and others. They can measure their performance against the set standards and determine the quality of their services. The results of the audit should inspire change appropriately in the areas of weaknesses identified. Further clinical audits should be done to assess the effects of the changes made. It is vital that staff mandated to provide patient care possess the knowledge and skills relevant to the delivery of services to the patients. That being a fundamental requirement, it is important that opportunities are provided for staff to bring their skill and knowledge at par with the emerging developments in the healthcare provision sector. Evidence-based care and effectiveness Care for patients should be based on good quality evidence from research by the healthcare staff. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) spells out national guidelines which regulate healthcare provision, the promotion of good health and provide a framework for the prevention and treatment of ill health hence providing the best care for the patients. Given that the ultimate goal for the health care facility is provision of healthcare of the highest quality, it is imperative that the approach to healthcare provision is consultative and done with sufficient collaboration between staff and patients as the consumers of the services. According to Zador(2011) this means that healthcare providers must be involved in policy planning and implementation in order for them to understand the needs and concerns of patients as the consumers of their services. Care giver councils are one avenue for care givers to gain knowledge on patient views and concerns. Health facility management also monitors the patients views through the Patient Services Department which receives complaintsand compliments from the clients (patients) and works in liaison with the Patient Advice and Liaison Service (PALS). Staffing and staff management The significance of staffing and staff management to the achievement of the objective of providing high quality care in a health care facility is paramount. Having staff with the requisite skills and having them work in an efficient team with proper support systems ensures that the services they provide are the best. Clinical governance is very important in infection control and prevention in that there will be accountability in the case an outbreak of multiple infections as a result of cross transmission within a health facility and therefore measures will be taken as soon as possible to curb the situation. According to Clarke, Harcourt, and Flynn, M (2013), good clinical governance is whereeveryone who passes through health system is well cared for since the system enables the staff to work in the best possible way. The staffs are thus able to perform to the highest possible standards. Therefore, for clinical governance to be successful, Brown, Crawford, and Mullany (2015) denote that clear lines outlining responsibilities and accountability must be drawn if an effective program for quality improvement is to be realized. There should also be clear policies aimed at managing any health risk as well as proper procedures to identify and remedy poor performance. The negative/bad aspect of clinical governance in relation to infection control management of health and disability service standards is evident when the patients receive unsatisfactory services from the staffs: this happens when staff fail to pay attention to the basic principles of infection control and as a result, patients safety is not given first priority according to Stoto and Smith (2016). References Brown, B., Crawford, P., Mullany, L (2015).Clinical governmentality: a critical linguistic perspective on clinical governance in health care organisations',Journal Of Applied Linguistics, 2, 3, pp. 299-324. Clarke, C., Harcourt, M., Flynn, M (2013).Clinical Governance, Performance Appraisal and Interactional and Procedural Fairness at a New Zealand Public Hospital',Journal Of Business Ethics, 117, 3, pp. 667-678. Dedefo, M., Zelalem, D., Eskinder, B., Assefa, N., Ashenafi, W., Baraki, N., DamenaTesfatsion, M, Oljira, L, Haile, A (2016).Causes of Death among Children Aged 5 to 14 Years Old from 2008 to 2013 in Kersa Health and Demographic Surveillance System (Kersa HDSS), Ethiopia',Plos ONE, 11, 6, pp. 1-11. Hendershot, E (2011). An Infection Control Program for a 2009 Influenza A H1N1 Outbreak in a University-Based Summer Camp',Journal Of American College Health, 59, 5, pp. 419-426, Henny, N, Gunther, F (2017).Improvement of infection control management by routine molecular evaluation of pathogen clusters',Diagnostic Microbiology Infectious Disease, 88, 1, pp. 82-87. Kawakami, K, Misao, H (2014).Framework for controlling infection through isolation precautions in Japan',Nursing Health Sciences, 16, 1, pp. 31-38. Knoer, S. J (2017). Population Health Management: Improving the Community to Heal the Patient. American Journal Of Health-System Pharmacy, 74(2), 30-32. Lee, B., Wettstein, Z., McGlone, S., Bailey, R., Umscheid, C., Smith, K, Muder, R (2011).Economic value of norovirus outbreak control measures in healthcare settings',Clinical Microbiology Infection, 17, 4, pp. 640-646, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 28 April 2017. Liddell, A, Rollin, P (2016).Addressing Infection Prevention and Control in the First U.S. Community Hospital to Care for Patients With Ebola Virus Disease: Context for national Recommendations and Future Strategies',Annals Of Internal Medicine, 165, 1, pp. 41-49, Mortensen, H., Alexander, J., Nehrenz, G, Porter, C (2013).Infection control professionals' information-seeking preferences',Health Information Libraries Journal, 30, 1, pp. 23-34, Mutters, N. T., Heeg, K., Spth, I., Henny, N., Gnther, F (2017).Improvement of infection control management by routine molecular evaluation of pathogen clusters. Diagnostic Microbiology Infectious Disease, 88(1), 82-87. Panchalingam, S, Levine, M (2016).Epidemiology, Seasonality and Factors Associated with Rotavirus Infection among Children with Moderate-to-Severe Diarrhea in Rural Western Kenya, 20082012: The Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS)',Plos ONE, 11, 8, pp. 1-17, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 28 April 2017. Pirkis, J (2017). Implementing a Primary Mental Health Service for Children: Administrator and Provider Perspectives',Journal Of Child Family Studies, 26, 2, pp. 497-510. Raymond, L (2016). Importance of preventative hand hygiene practices in community nursing wound management. Australian Nursing Midwifery Journal, 24(2), 32. Reidy, M., Ryan, F., Hogan, D., Lacey, S, Buckley, C (2015).Preparedness of Hospitals in the Republic of Ireland for an Influenza Pandemic, an Infection Control Perspective',BMC Public Health, 15, 1, pp. 1-9. Riley, L, Y (2017). Antimicrobial-resistant infections among postpartum women at a Ugandan referral hospital',Plos ONE, 12, 4, pp. 1-13. Zador, D (2011). Injectable opiate maintenance in the UK: is it good clinical practice?',Addiction, 96, 4, pp. 547-553.

Ferdinand Porsche Essays (246 words) - Porsche, Volkswagen Group

Ferdinand Porsche Ferdinand Porsche Ferdinand Porsche was born on September 3, 1875. Always interested in things mechanical, at the age of 15 he equipped his family's home with electricity, designing and building the generator and even the light bulb. The name Porsche first appeared on a car in 1900, the Lohner-Porsche, a battery-powered car that was first shown at the Paris Exhibition. In 1906 Porsche was hired by the Daimler Motor Co. as Technical Director, and eventually becoming the Chief Engineer. One of his Mercedes designs created for Daimler-Benz won the 1924 Targa Florio, and he built on this success to create the Mercedes-Benz S series of the late 1920s, cars which have been referred to as street legal racing machines. Porsche proposed a mass-produced Mercedes-Benz for the ordinary driver but was turned down by his employer, so he left the Daimler-Benz organization and started up on his own. The Volkswagen plan dates from this time, along with three aerodynamic versions built for racing.During World War II Porsche found himself working for hitler and building projects such as producing farm tractors. Hitler got porsche to build him the Kubelwagen, the Schwimwagen, and even a car that used wood as fuel to opperate in the war.But in 1946, when Porsche's son Ferry and daughter Louise Plech joined the firm, they returned to the goal of sports car design. The Porsche Type 356 went into production in 1948. Porsche died in 1951, having seen the Porsche name on a sports car. European History Essays

Interest Rate Report

Interest Rate Report Free Online Research Papers Introduction Big Drive Auto is a multistate dealer of several manufacturer’s cars and trucks. Big Drive not only sells the cars but a large part of their business is servicing the autos. This paper will address the managerial decisions that are affected by increasing interest rates and how increasing interest rates affect the cost of operating a business. The current yield curve will be discussed and what this means for Big Drive Auto’s organizational decision making. This paper will analyze how the change in interest rates can change consumer demand. In closing, some other monetary variables, such as durability, government taxes, and capital goods on hand will be explored. Decisions Affected by Interest Rates Large decisions, such as long term investments in new dealership sites or new equipment, would be affected by interest rates. According to the Jednak (2005), â€Å"Interest rates certainly have an impact on how business owners make management and operational decisionsparticularly decisions about long-term investments in new plants and equipment† ( ¶ 1). Things such as new service equipment or new buildings are considered capital purchases. Capital purchases are those that add equity to Big Drive Auto’s assets. With increasing interest rates the actual price for such projects will be higher than the estimated costs because the higher interest rate will be applied. Introducing a new model to Big Drive’s line of autos is another decision that would be affected by interest rates. If interest rates are high, the demand for cars will decrease. A market of declining demand is not a good time to introduce a new model. In a market with a decreasing or low interest rate the demand for cars with increase. The dollar can buy more in such a market. This is the market in which consumers are willing to try new products. How Interest Rates Affect the Cost of Operating a Business Interest rates affect the cost of operating a business in many aspects. If the interest rates are rising, Big Drive Auto must have a higher gross margin to cover the increased fixed expense. Big Drive Auto will have to pass this increase to the consumer. If this was to happen in a market with a decrease in auto sales it could be fatal to Big Drive Auto. Interest rates have the biggest effect on capital projects. An example of a capital project would be if Big Drive Auto was contemplating the purchase of a new hydraulic lift for one of the service bays. This project would be financed and therefore, be affected by the interest rates. If the interest rates are increasing, Big Drive would pay more for the lift and thereby decrease the amount of equity the lift holds. According to McConnell Brue (2004), â€Å"Investment spending is guided by profit motive; businesses buy capital goods only when they think such purchases will be profitable† (p. 159). The Yield Curve and the effect of its Shape on the Decision Making in the Organization The Yield Curve is a graphical representation of the rates of return for short-term to long-term Treasuries. A normal yield curve rises from left to right; this illustrates that long-term bonds command higher interest rates than short-term bills and notes. According to Isidore (2009), â€Å"The 10-year yield dipped briefly below the fed funds rate Wednesday morning after a report showed a big drop in demand in April for cars, refrigerators and other big-ticket items known as durable goods† ( ¶ 6). This inverted yield curve would normally be indicative of an impending recession. In a recession Big Drive Auto needs to make decisions that will increase their net sales and decrease their overall operations costs; in doing this Big Drive will be able to sell cars at a lower price. According to the Newman (2009) â€Å"Most automakers are aggressively cutting production to halt chronic overbuilding†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ( ¶ 5). Consumers cutback on spending in times of a recession. Being able to price the cars lower will increase Big Drive’s net sales. Changes in Interest Rates affect Customer Demand The auto industry relies on their consumers being able to finance the funds needed to purchase the automobile. When interest rates rise, the auto industry is greatly affected. A consumer will shy away from purchasing a new automobile because of the high interest rate that comes with the financing needed. In other words, a higher interest rate will decrease the customer demand. As interest rates increase so does the requirements for approval of the financing. Therefore, in addition to consumers not wanting to pay a higher interest rate, the consumers willing to pay the higher interest rate may be ineligible for financing. This lack of financing could lead to a decrease in auto sales for Big Drive Auto. Other Monetary Variables When making business investment decisions, variables other than interest rate should be considered. Durability of capital goods should be looked at when making decisions. Big Drive Auto needs to assess if they truly need a new hydraulic lift or will the better fiscal decision be getting the old one fixed. Business taxes also need to be considered when making business investment decisions. An increase in taxes lowers the expected profitability in investment. This shifts the investment demand curve to the left. This shift to the left means the Big Drive will have a decreased rate of return. Lastly, the amount of capital goods on hand should be considered when making investment decisions. If Big Drive is overstocked with inventory because the demand has decreased for autos, their expected rate of return on new investments will decline. Big Drive would have little incentive to invest in new capital. Therefore, less investment is realized at each real interest rate. Conclusion The key decision makers may have previously made decisions that will now be affected by the rising interest rates. The fact that the interest rates are rising means increased production cost for Big Drive Auto. They could pass this increase off to the customer or they can cut production volume. As the interest rates get higher the customer demand will drop. Big Drive Auto should not only use interest rates to base their business investment decisions. They should also use monetary variables, such as taxes, capital goods on hand, and durability, when making investment decisions. These are rough economic times for Big Drive Auto. Auto sales are down and banks are not lending money. Rising interest rates can spell big trouble for businesses that sell products in which their customers must finance. However, with some thought Big Drive Auto can watch for opportunities and avoid obvious pitfalls. Research Papers on Interest Rate ReportTwilight of the UAWIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalDefinition of Export QuotasAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductPETSTEL analysis of IndiaCapital PunishmentPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyOpen Architechture a white paper

The Souls of Black Folk Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Souls of Black Folk - Research Paper Example The book begins with an introduction, which is extremely beautiful and catchy, â€Å"Herein lie buried many things which if read with patience may show the strange meaning of being black here at the dawning of the Twentieth Century. This meaning is not without interest to you, Gentle Reader; for the problem of the Twentieth Century is the problem of color line. I pray you then, receive my book in all charity, studying my words with me, forgiving mistake and foible for the sake of the faith and passion that is in me, and seeking the grain of truth hidden there†(p.1). The first and second portion of the book sheds light on the history of the Black folks. Moreover, it also highlights the flaws of the government that resulted in the form of disorder largely in the south. The manner that Dubios adopts to explain how the previous leaders did not manage things properly is excellent. For example, the third section of the book discusses Booker T. Washington, a black leader who is severely condemned for not providing quality education for the Blacks. Dubios mostly emphasizes on the need for education, the fourth and the fifth portions of the book deal with edification only. In his opinion, He disagrees to the notion of black people not acquiring university education. I found this line very inspiring when he says, â€Å"Progress in human affairs is more often a pull than a push†¦..thus it was no accident that give birth to universities centuries before the common schools, that made fair Harvard the first flower of our wilderness†(p. 53). These words indeed have weight because university qualification is usually considered important for only the upper class. However, this remark by Du Bios could also be criticized by many people, because du Bois was the first black person who acquired a degree from Harvard. Hence, some theoretical issues like these that could be raised by people like scholars or researchers. Secondly, race is another

Health and Safety Practices Plan (Part Four), Human Risk Factors Essay

Health and Safety Practices Plan (Part Four), Human Risk Factors - Essay Example For instance, the American history has witnessed violence erupting from the places of work, which not only ruins the lives of workforce in the organization but also results in great production losses. Violence is often meted on such groups as women and the minority groups such as physically handicapped persons. Willful destruction of property is a common form of such violence as a former CEO to Apple Inc finds out in an investigation in the modern day violence at workplaces. Among other vices that Apple Inc faces is the increase in such violence that result to product contamination through virus as well as creation of environmental contaminants, which is more hazardous (Viollis & Kane, 2005). The company therefore increases its efforts to mitigate such a risk in order to overcome the resultant outcomes that such risks pose. Stress Stress, on the other hand, is a common risk that the Apple Inc faces as shown in the article by Denning (2012), which said that the company subjected the e mployees to high risk working environment. The article points out that the company subjects many of its employees to poor working conditions with unfavorable low pays and frequent disposals of employees after exhaustion. The company is celebrated to have great wealth globally, which does not explain such meager payments as the employees are paid. However, the company subjects the employees to poor working conditions, which causes stress, fatigue and wearing out which then contributes to low performance and subsequent dismissal by the company. Substance abuse Substance abuse is on the rise in many of modern day companies with misuse of prescription medicine, alcohol and illicit drugs being common among other manners of substance abuse (Canadian Centre for Occupational Health & Safety, 2008). Among other indicators of substance abuse in such a company are increased absenteeism, sicknesses, reduced productivity, preoccupation with the use of such substances at work as well as psycholog ical stress. The company therefore suffers reduction in productivity per employee, increased accidents that cost the organization much in liability, as well as lowered accuracy in productions. Apple, just as any other company invests in mitigation measures and policies to lower such effects that are suffered because of substance abuse. Nevertheless, the substance abuse as witnessed within the company may be attributed to various factors among which are high stress levels, fatigue, low satisfaction on job assignments, repetitious duties as well as ease of access to such substances. Companies invest in design and implementation of policies and programs, which are meant to address such issues as, relates to substance abuse, stress management at place of work as well as work place violence. Effective policies in management of substance abuse involve confidentiality as well as active participation of the management and labor in creation. Mitigation strategies Among the most effective way s of mitigating the human risks experienced at work place is ‘team awareness’ (Bennett & Lehmann, n.d.). This is a mitigation framework, which explains how behavioral management of such risks as substance use, violence as well as stress can be managed through the spirit of teamwork. The management is involved to creating an

Informal Jobs in Nicaragua

Informal Jobs in Nicaragua Freddy Espinoza Nicaragua is a third world nation located in Central America. The capital of Nicaragua is Managua. It is the biggest country of the region with an extension of 129,442 km2. Nevertheless its population is small in comparison with its size, only 6,071,042 habitants, although some cities like the capital, Managua, and Leà ³n are overpopulated. Nicaragua has had hard knocks in its economic history, but also has had good times. In the 60’s the economy of the country was good and increasing because of the industrialization but it started to decrease when people started to feel the oppression of the dictatorship. Also the economy was losing power because only the government and its allies had all the money; they were the largest owners of the industries while the rest of the population was poor. Then in 1972 the economy got worst because of the earthquake of that year which destroyed almost complete the downtown of the capital; many business and factories were destroyed so the production of the country decreased. In 1979 started the revolution (civil war) against the dictatorship Anastacio Somoza, causing a very low economic performance. During the revolution people were fighting in the rural areas therefore most of the croplands were destroyed. This caused the production of food to decrease and due to the shortage between the demand and the supply the prices were forced to increase in order to contract the demand. Also the revolutionaries were recruiting men in order to have more power and fight against the National Guard, which was the president’s personal army. The reclusion caused a lack of labor for the production of goods because they had almost all their people working in their guard. With this low production the inflation rate reached a percentage of 70% in 1979. The communist government of Daniel Ortega overthrew Somoza but they didn’t do something good for the economy. They stayed in the power by imposing strength and controlling the imports and exports, so the other countries with different thinking couldn’t export to Nicaragua because the government would not let their products come i nto the country. Due the political and economic crises in those times, Nicaragua’s external debt increased excessively, even more than its gross domestic product; being the debt impossible to pay. Since that time, government companies have been privatizing in order to reduce the external debt. Nowadays the economy has improved but there are still delimited works and unemployment creating a social-economic problem because many people have opted for informal jobs. Informal jobs are a type of work that occurs mostly in developing countries, these are characterized by employments that don’t comply with legal formalities. They are divided in two: wage employment and self-employment. In Nicaragua informal jobs are considered as people’s works which are not in the formal sector of the economy. These jobs are not recognized by the INSS (Instituto Nicaraguense de Seguridad Social) which control the requirements and rights of workers, or are people who decides to work by themselves and they don’t inscribe their business in the corresponded institution. In Nicaragua 63% of the population is considered poor, of that 63% the 43% is considered extremely poor and the 20% is considered poor. The education and sanitary conditions have increase but no too much, and almost the half of the population is unemployed. Half of the population doesn’t finish their studies. The level of education sometimes is until 6th grade but in rural areas it hardily reaches 4th grade Every company wants the best for its economy so they try to look for the best level of workers that they can have, that’s why everybody needs a curriculum is they want a job in a formal company and have a good salary. The relation of this whit informal jobs is that in Nicaragua many people don’t have a good grade of education and if they don’t study a major they are not going to be able to compete for good works because their lack of knowledge is going to impede them get a work that another person with a major in that work knows how to do it. We see that every time it is more important for a person to study a major and get degrees in it because in that way they can win the competition against others and get a better job. Unfortunately unemployment is everywhere and Nicaragua does not offer too many good works and they are many college graduates who are looking for a job or working in a different area of what they studied. When people don’t even find a job in another area, sometimes they are forced to work in the informal sector and it get worst for people who don’t have a major that’s why we see a lot of immigrants working in our neighbor country of Costa Rica and The United States. Sometimes the companies get advantage of this situation paying less or disrespecting the rights of workers. However they are people who look these problems and they decide to have self-employment because they prefer to earn their own money and work hard for a better future than feel their selves disrespected by someone else. In 2003 the INEC (Instituto Nicaraguense de Estadisticas y Censo) calculated that the amount of people working in informal Jobs according to their education was: 4% from college g raduates, 27% from high school, 46% from primary and 23% from any grade of education. Nowadays 79.2% of homes in Nicaragua have people working in the informal sector; and in many they are the principal income for the family. This information was given by the recent survey prepared by the firm M R, which by face to face interviews consulted 1,600 people over 16 years in all regions of the country. The rural population forms the biggest amount of people working in this sector; the cause of this is almost in its totality due the education because in rural areas the education is difficult because the teachers have to travel through difficult paths where the communication is difficult and in some places it does not even exist yet, the students have to walk large distances sometimes confronting dangerous rivers in order to get education but sometimes it is impossible to get in some days because in winter because the lack of communication routes and the river flow increases don’t let the student go to his destiny. Informal jobs in urban areas: Urban areas like Managua are characterized because you can find people from all the areas of the country that have come to the urban areas looking for a best future and good opportunities of work. Usually people from rural areas are the principal ones who emigrates to the urban areas looking for a best income but sometimes what they find is not what they thought. Due to their lack of education people hire them just like gardeners, guards, and mates earning a low salary and sometimes they don’t know their rights and are overexploited or they just do not denounced their bosses in order to don’t lose their jobs. In urban areas the biggest amount of informal jobs are seen in their local markets. Managua has 8 markets, being ‘el Mercado oriental’ the biggest market in the country and in Central America the new official data of the Corporacià ³n de Mercados de Managua (Commema) indicates that ‘el Mercado oriental’ is officially composed of 91 blocks. In these markets are estimated 35 thousand fixed traders and a similar amount of informal workers who works with baskets, wagons, and some ones who carry their products; these people are called itinerant workers. Meanwhile the itinerant workers work by themselves they are others who prefers to work for somebody else in the business of the markets, but the problem is that they also get in the informal sector because almost in all the cases they don’t get a formal contract and they are not inscribe in the INSS. These markets have a committee named CONMEMA which collect leases but they don’t collect any money f rom itinerant workers. Also they are many people who decided to create their own business at home and they create a â€Å"pulperà ­a†, this is basically a minimarket where you can find basic things that you forgot to buy in the supermarket commonly normal goods and inferior goods. In Managua and Masaya you usually are going to find â€Å"fritangas† at night, fritangas are small restaurants where you can find typical food and their food is characterized for being unhealthy but delicious; the fritangas are not registered or controlled by the ministry of health in the majority because they have emerged spontaneously and they are not famous enough to attract the attention of the institution, even though they are some others which comply with all the requirements and licenses. Actually fritangas have taken part of our culture and if you are a foreign you should try it when you visit Nicaragua. In the semaphores you will see the different products that the itinerant workers sell to the cars since fruits of the season until covers for cellphones and exotic animals like parrot. Government institutions like the MARENA (Ministerio de Ambiente y Recursos Naturales) have taken rules against the sale of exotic animals but they are still people selling. Also they are people who are glass cleaners, so they wait the semaphore to turn red in order to start working but sometimes they don’t get even a Cordoba. In these places we can even see the influence of child exploitation in informal jobs and homeless. Actually they have appeared women carrying newborn children and they ask for money to the cars and pedestrians, they do all these under the shining and hot sun of the tropic. They are other parents who came with their children to work and their children wait in the boulevard while the parents work, or they help their parents. The child exploitation also is reflected with paren ts that wait and watch their children since the boulevard, observing that they are working constantly either selling a product or begging. Child exploitation is common in informal jobs because it is the only place where children can work. According to Nicaraguan laws their age don’t let them work even they want to work because it is considered child exploitation so if they get a job in a formal business or company this can be demanded, meanwhile the informal sector is not controlled or regulated by any organization so they can work there with any problem while there is not an investigation. The situation in the semaphores is sad to see. Even though it has being show in national television programs and television reports, it is still seeing clearly that they are not changes and the situation continues. Informal jobs in rural areas: Rural areas have the biggest rate of informal jobs the causes are their level of education and the developed of the region. Because of the limited accessibility and the lack of infrastructure the economy activities are limited and it is based in agriculture and animal husbandry. In the most remote rural areas, people mostly harvest for their own consumption and the animal husbandry is scarce. Their income is only from the little amount of product that is left after they save enough products for consumption. The little money that they earn is used to buy clothes or a tool to improve their harvest. Commonly these people have only a cow and two chickens; although it is hard to believe they have learned to subsist just with that limitations some people continue doing it and they have family and are able to raise their children.

America Needs a Motorcycle Helmet Law Essay -- Argumentative Persuasiv

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Millions of people all over the United States choose motorcycles over automobiles for the thrill, speed, and high performance capabilities. On the other hand, motorcycles are not at all the safest way of transportation. Motorcycles do not provide the passenger with the outer protection that cars provide, therefore, when one crashes, the results are usually much more serious. Injuries to the head are responsible for 76% of fatalities when dealing with motorcycle crashes many of which could have been prevented had the rider been wearing a helmet. For this reason, many states have adopted the motorcycle helmet law. The law states that every passengers must wear a helmet at all times when riding on a motorcycle. This law has created a great deal of controversy. One side supports the law, believing that it protects motorcyclists from danger and saves the economy a great deal of money. The other side argues that the law is unconstitutional and it violates our right to f reedom. However, statistics show overwhelming support in favor of the motorcycle helmet law. Although wearing helmets cannot prevent motorcycle crashes, they can greatly reduce the number of deaths caused by head injury as well as lowering taxes, insurance rates, and health care costs. Therefore, the helmet law should be put into effect in every state across the United States.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Helmets drastically reduce the tremendous number of deaths caused by head injuries as well as reducing the severity of any ...

Indo Anglian Literature

Indo Anglian Literature Indo Anglian Literature refers to the body of work by writers in India who write in the English language and whose native or co-native language could be one of the numerous languages of India. It is also associated with the works of members of the Indian diaspora, such as V. S. Naipaul, Kiran Desai, Jhumpa Lahiri who are of Indian descent. It is frequently referred to as Indo-Anglian literature. (Indo-Anglian is a specific term in the sole context of writing that should not be confused with the term Anglo-Indian).As a category, this production comes under the broader realm of postcolonial literature- the production from previously colonised countries such as India. History IEL has a relatively recent history, it is only one and a half centuries old. The first book written by an Indian in English was by Sake Dean Mahomet, titled Travels of Dean Mahomet; Mahomet's travel narrative was published in 1793 in England. In its early stages it was influenced by the Wes tern art form of the novel. Early Indian writers used English unadulterated by Indian words to convey an experience which was essentially Indian.Raja Rao's Kanthapura is Indian in terms of its storytelling qualities. Rabindranath Tagore wrote in Bengali and English and was responsible for the translations of his own work into English. Dhan Gopal Mukerji was the first Indian author to win a literary award in the United States. Nirad C. Chaudhuri, a writer of non-fiction, is best known for his The Autobiography of an Unknown Indian where he relates his life experiences and influences. P. Lal, a poet, translator, publisher and essayist, founded a press in the 1950s for Indian English writing, Writers Workshop.R. K. Narayan is a writer who contributed over many decades and who continued to write till his death recently. He was discovered by Graham Greene in the sense that the latter helped him find a publisher in England. Graham Greene and Narayan remained close friends till the end. Si milar to Thomas Hardy's Wessex, Narayan created the fictitious town of Malgudi where he set his novels. Some criticise Narayan for the parochial, detached and closed world that he created in the face of the changing conditions in India at the times in which the stories are set.Others, such as Graham Greene, however, feel that through Malgudi they could vividly understand the Indian experience. Narayan's evocation of small town life and its experiences through the eyes of the endearing child protagonist Swaminathan in Swami and Friends is a good sample of his writing style. Simultaneous with Narayan's pastoral idylls, a very different writer, Mulk Raj Anand, was similarly gaining recognition for his writing set in rural India; but his stories were harsher, and engaged, sometimes brutally, with divisions of caste, class and religion. Later historyAmong the later writers,Vikram Seth, author of A Suitable Boy (1994) is a writer who uses a purer English and more realistic themes. Being a self-confessed fan of Jane Austen, his attention is on the story, its details and its twists and turns. Vikram Seth is notable both as an accomplished novelist and poet. Vikram Seth's outstanding achievement as a versatile and prolific poet remains largely and unfairly neglected. Shashi Tharoor, in his The Great Indian Novel (1989), follows a story-telling (though in a satirical) mode as in the Mahabharata drawing his ideas by going back and forth in time.His work as UN official living outside India has given him a vantage point that helps construct an objective Indianness. As for the history of the gradual development of Indian drama in English, one may consult Pinaki Roy's essay â€Å"Dramatic Chronicle: A Very Brief Review of the Growth of Indian English Plays†, included in Indian Drama in English: Some Perspectives (ISBN 978-81-269-1772-3) (pp. 272-87), edited by Abha Shukla Kaushik, and published by the New Delhi-based Atlantic Publishers and Distributors Pvt. Ltd. in 2 013. Sarojini Naidu and her art of poetry; Such a gem of a work by the author, Dr.Deobrata Prasad . he has carefully assimilated all the aspects and life span of Sarojini Naidu before divulging anything. such a systematic work is rare to single out in today's era. Dr. Prasad has really taken care of every minute details prior to bringing forth such a marvel in the field of Indian English literature. This has been acclaimed as rare literary work in the literary fraternity in switzerland. Dr. prasad was even nominated as literary man of the year several times. The Guide The Guide is a 1958 novel written in English by the Indian author R. K. Narayan.Like most of his works the novel is based in Malgudi, the fictional town in South India. The novel describes the transformation of the protagonist, Raju, from a tour guide to a spiritual guide and then one of the greatest holy men of India. The novel brought its author the 1960 Sahitya Akademi Award for English, by the Sahitya Akademi, Indi a's National Academy of Letters. Railway Raju (nicknamed) is a disarmingly corrupt guide who falls in love with a beautiful dancer, Rosie, the neglected wife of archaeologist Marco . Marco doesn't approve of Rosie's passion for dancing.Rosie, encouraged by Raju, decides to follow her dreams and start a dancing career. They start living together and Raju's mother, as she does not approve of their relationship, leaves them. Raju becomes Rosie's stage manager and soon with the help of Raju's marketing tactics, Rosie becomes a successful dancer. Raju, however, develops an inflated sense of self-importance and tries to control her. Raju gets involved in a case of forgery and gets a two-year sentence. After completing the sentence, Raju passes through a village where he is mistaken for a sadhu (a spiritual guide).Reluctantly, as he does not want to return in disgrace to Malgudi, he stays in an abandoned temple. There is a famine in the village and Raju is expected to keep a fast in order to make it rain. With media publicizing his fast, a huge crowd gathers (much to Raju's resentment) to watch him fast. After fasting for several days, he goes to the riverside one morning as part of his daily ritual, where his legs sag down as he feels that the rain is falling in the hills. The ending of the novel leaves unanswered the question of whether he did, or whether the drought has really ended.The last line of the novel is ‘Raju said â€Å"Velan, its raining up the hills, I can feel it under my feet. † And with this he saged down'. The last line implies that by now Raju after undergoing so many ups and downs in his life has become a sage and as the drought ends Raju's life also ends. Narayan has beautifully written the last line which means Raju did not die but saged down, meaning Raju within himself had become a sage. The Shadow Lines The Shadow Lines (1988) is a Sahitya Akademi Award-winning novel[1] by Indian-Bengali writer Amitav Ghosh.It is a book that capt ures perspective of time and events, of lines that bring people together and hold them apart, lines that are clearly visible from one perspective and nonexistent from another. Lines that exist in the memory of one, and therefore in another's imagination. A narrative built out of an intricate, constantly crisscrossing web of memories of many people, it never pretends to tell a story. Rather it invites the reader to invent one, out of the memories of those involved, memories that hold mirrors of differing shades to the same experience.The novel is set against the backdrop of historical events like Swadeshi movement, Second World War, Partition of India and Communal riots of 1963-64 in Dhaka and Calcutta. The novel brought its author the 1989 Sahitya Akademi Award for English, by the Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters. [2] Plot summary The novel follows the life of a young boy growing up in Calcutta and later on in Delhi and London. His family – the Datta Chaud haris – and the Prices in London are linked by the friendship between their respective patriarchs – Justice Dattachaudhari and Lionel Tresawsen.The narrator adores Tridib because of his tremendous knowledge and his perspective of the incidents and places. Tha'mma thinks that Tridib is type of person who seems ‘determined to waste his life in idle self-indulgence', one who refuses to use his family connections to establish a career. Unlike his grandmother, the narrator loves listening to Tridib. For the narrator, Tridib's lore is very different from the collection of facts and figures. The narrator is sexually attracted to Ila but his feelings are passive. He never expresses his feelings to her afraid to lose the relationship that exists between them.However one day he involuntarily shows his feelings when she was changing clothes in front of him being unaware of his feelings. She feels sorry for him. Tha'mma does not like Ila. ‘Why do you always speak for t hat whore' – She doesn't like her grandson to support her. Tha'mma has a dreadful past and wants to reunite her family and goes to Dhaka to bring back her uncle. Tridib is in love with May and sacrificed his life to rescue her from mobs in the communal riots of 1963-64 in Dhaka. Clear Light of Day Clear Light of Day is a novel published in 1980 by Indian novelist and three time Booker Prize finalist, Anita Desai.Set in Old Delhi, this book describes the tensions in a post-partition Indian family during and after childhood, starting with the characters as adults and moving back into their lives through the course of the book. While the primary theme is the importance of family, other predominant themes include the importance of forgiveness, the power of childhood, and forgiving those you are close to. Plot summary The book is split into four sections covering the Das family from the children’s perspective in this order: adulthood, adolescence, childhood, and the time pe rspective returns to adulthood.The book centers on the Das family, who have grown apart with adulthood. It starts with Tara, the wife of Bakul, India’s ambassador to America, greeting her sister Bimla (Bim), who is a history teacher living in Old Delhi as well as their autistic brother Baba's caretaker. Their conversation eventually comes to Raja, their brother who lives in Hyderabad. Bim doesn’t want to go to the wedding of Raja’s daughter, showing Tara an old letter from when Raja became her landlord, unintentionally insulting her after the death of his father in law.In part two the setting switches to partition era India, when the characters are adolescents in what is now Bim’s house. Raja is severely ill with tuberculosis and is left to Bim’s ministrations. Aunt Mira (Mira masi), their supposed caretaker after the death of the children’s often absent parents, becomes alcoholic and dies of alcoholism. Earlier Raja's fascination with Urdu attracts the attention of the family's Muslim landlord, Hyder Ali, whom Raja Idolizes. When he heals, Raja follows Hyder Ali to Hyderabad. Tara escapes from the situation through marriage to Bakul.Bim is then left to provide for Baba alone, in the midst of the partition and the death of Gandhi. In part three Bim, Raja and Tara are depicted in pre-partition India awaiting the birth of their brother Baba. Aunt Mira, widowed by her husband and mistreated by her in-laws, is brought in to help with Baba, who is autistic, and to raise the children. Raja is fascinated with poetry. He shares a close bond with Bim, the head girl at school, although they often exclude Tara. Tara wants to be a mother although this fact brings ridicule from Raja and Bim, who want to be a hero and a heroine, respectively.The final section returns to modern India and showcases Tara confronting Bim over the Raja's daughter's wedding and Bim's broken relationship with Raja. This climaxes when Bim explodes at Baba. After her anger fades she comes to the conclusion that the love of family is irreplaceable and can cover all wrongs. After Tara leaves she decides to go to her neighbors the Misras for a concert and she then decides that she will go to the wedding. The God of Small Things The God of Small Things (1997) is the debut novel of Indian writer Arundhati Roy.It is a story about the childhood experiences of fraternal twins whose lives are destroyed by the â€Å"Love Laws† that lay down â€Å"who should be loved, and how. And how much. † The book is a description of how the small things in life affect people's behaviour and their lives. The book won the Booker Prize in 1997. The God of Small Things is Roy's first book and, as of 2013, is her only novel. Completed in 1996, the book took four years to write. The potential of the story was first recognized by Pankaj Mishra, an editor with HarperCollins, who sent it to three British publishers.Roy received half-a-million pounds in advances, and rights to the book were sold in 21 countries. While generally praised, the book did receive some criticism for its verbosity and controversial subject matter. [1] The story, told here in chronological order, although the novel shifts around in time, primarily takes place in a town named Ayemenem or Aymanam now part of Kottayam in Kerala state of India. The temporal setting shifts back and forth from 1969, when fraternal twins Rahel and Estha are seven years old, to 1993, when the twins are reunited at age 31.Much of the story is written in a viewpoint relevant to the seven-year-old children. Malayalam words are liberally used in conjunction with English. Some facets of Kerala life which the novel captures are communism, the caste system, and the Keralite Syrian Christian way of life. Without sufficient dowry for a marriage proposal, Ammu Ipe becomes desperate to escape her ill-tempered father, Pappachi, and her bitter, long-suffering mother, Mammachi. She finally convi nces her parents to let her spend a summer with a distant aunt in Calcutta.To avoid returning to Ayemenem, she marries a man who assists managing a tea estate whom she later discovers to be a heavy alcoholic who physically abuses her and attempts to prostitute her to his boss so that he can keep his job. She gives birth to two children, fraternal twins, Estha and Rahel, yet ultimately leaves her husband and returns to live with her mother and brother, Chacko, in Ayemenem. Also living at their home in Ayemenem is Pappachi's sister, Baby Kochamma, whose actual name is Navomi Ipe, but is called Baby due to her young age at becoming a grand-aunt, and Kochamma being an honorific title for females.As a young girl, Baby Kochamma had fallen in love with Father Mulligan, a young Irish priest who had come to Ayemenem to study Hindu scriptures. In order to get closer to him, Baby Kochamma had become a Roman Catholic and joined a convent, against her father's wishes. After a few lonely months i n the convent, Baby Kochamma had realized that her vows brought her no closer to the man she loved, with her father eventually rescuing her from the convent, sending her to America for an education, where she obtained a diploma in ornamental gardening.Due to her unrequited love with Father Mulligan, Baby Kochamma remained unmarried for the rest of her life, gradually becoming more and more bitter over the years. Throughout the book, Baby Kochamma delights in the misfortune of others and manipulates events to bring down calamity upon Ammu and the twins. While studying at Oxford, Chacko fell in love and married an English woman named Margaret, Shortly after the birth of their daughter Sophie, Margaret reveals that she had been having an affair with another man, Joe. They divorce and Chacko, unable to find a job, returns to India.After the death of Pappachi, Chacko returns to Ayemenem and takes over his mother's business, called Paradise Pickles and Preserves. When Margaret's second hu sband is killed in a car accident, Chacko invites her and Sophie to spend Christmas in Ayemenem. The day before Margarget and Sophie arrive, the family visits a theater to see The Sound of Music, where Estha is molested by the â€Å"Orangedrink Lemondrink Man†, a vendor working the snack counter of the theater. His fear stemming from this encounter factors into the circumstances that lead to the tragic events at the heart of the narrative.On the way to the airport to pick them up, the family (Chacko, Ammu, Estha, Rahel, and Baby Kochamma) encounters a group of communist protesters. The protesters surround the car and force Baby Kochamma to wave a red flag and chant a communist slogan, humiliating her. Rahel thinks she sees Velutha, an untouchable servant that works in the pickle factory, in the crowd. Velutha's alleged presence with the communist mob makes Baby Kochamma associate him with her humiliation at their hands, and she begins to harbor a deep hatred towards him.Velut ha is an untouchable (the lowest caste in India), a dalit, and his family has served the Ipes for generations. Velutha is an extremely gifted carpenter and mechanic. His skills with repairing the machinery make him indispensable at the pickle factory, but result in resentment and hostility from the other, touchable factory workers. Rahel and Estha form an unlikely bond with Velutha and come to love him, despite his untouchable status. It is her children's love for Velutha that causes Ammu to realize her attraction to him and eventually, she comes to â€Å"love by night the man her children love by day†.They begin a short-lived affair that culminates in tragedy for the family. When her relationship with Velutha is discovered, Ammu is locked in her room and Velutha is banished. In her rage, Ammu blames the twins for her misfortune and calls them the â€Å"millstones around her neck†. Distraught, Rahel and Estha decide to run away. Their cousin Sophie Mol convinces them t o take her with them. During the night, while trying to reach the abandoned house across the river, their boat capsizes and Sophie drowns.Once Margaret Kochamma and Chacko return from Cochin, where they have been picking up airline tickets, Margaret sees Sophie's body lay out on the sofa. She vomits and hysterically berates the twins as they had survived, and hits Estha. Baby Kochamma goes to the police and accuses Velutha of being responsible for Sophie's death. She claims that Velutha attempted to rape Ammu, threatened the family, and kidnapped the children. A group of policemen hunt Velutha down and savagely beat him for crossing caste lines, the twins witnessing the horrific scene and are deeply disturbed.When the twins reveal the truth of Sophie's death to the Chief of Police, he is alarmed. He knows that Velutha is a communist, and is afraid that the wrongful arrest and beating of Velutha will cause unrest amongst the local communists. He threatens to hold Baby Kochamma respon sible for falsely accusing Velutha. To save herself, Baby Kochamma tricks Rahel and Estha into accusing Velutha of Sophie's death. Velutha dies of his injuries. Hearing of his arrest, Ammu goes to the police to tell the truth about their relationship. The police threaten her to make her leave the matter alone.Afraid of being exposed, Baby Kochamma convinces Chacko that Ammu and the twins are responsible for his daughter's death. Chacko kicks Ammu out of the house. Unable to find a job, Ammu is forced to send Estha to live with his father. Estha never sees Ammu again, and she dies alone and impoverished a few years later at the age of thirty-one. After a turbulent childhood and adolescence in India, Rahel goes to America to study. While there, she gets married, divorced and finally returns to Ayemenem after several years of working dead-end jobs.Rahel and Estha, both 31-years-old, are reunited for the first time since they were children. In the intervening years, Estha and Rahel have been haunted by their guilt and grief-ridden pasts. Estha is perpetually silent and Rahel has a haunted look in her eyes. It becomes apparent that neither twin ever found another person who understood them in the way they understand each other. The twins' renewed intimacy ultimately culminates in them sleeping together. In the last chapter of the book, ‘The Cost of Living', the narrative is once again set in the 1969 time frame and describes Ammu and Velutha's first sexual encounter.It describes that â€Å"Instinctively they stuck to the Small Things. The Big Things ever lurked inside. They knew there was nowhere for them to go. They had no future. So they stuck to the Small Things†. After each encounter, Ammu and Velutha make one promise to one another: â€Å"Tomorrow? Tomorrow. † The novel ends on the optimistic note, â€Å"She kissed his closed eyes and stood up. Velutha with his back against the mangosteen tree watched her walk away. She had a dry rose in h er hair. She turned to say it once again: ‘Naaley. ‘ Tomorrow. † References †¢ Haq, Kaiser (ed. ). Contemporary Indian Poetry.Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1990. †¢ Haq, Rubana (ed. ). The Golden Treasury of Writers Workshop Poetry. Kolkata: Writers Workshop, 2008. †¢ Hoskote, Ranjit (ed. ). Reasons for Belonging: Fourteen Contemporary Indian Poets. Viking/Penguin Books India, New Delhi, 2002. †¢ King, Bruce Alvin. Modern Indian Poetry in English: Revised Edition. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1987, rev. 2001. (â€Å"the standard work on the subject and unlikely to be surpassed† — Mehrotra, 2003). †¢ Desai, Anita. Clear Light of Day. 1st Mariner books ed ed. New York: Mariner Books, 2000. Print.

Cell Phones Benefits And Drawbacks - 928 Words

Cell Phones the Benefits and the Drawbacks Technology has left a lasting impression on today s culture, both good and bad. The world is filling with countless pieces of technological device that flood our rooms and homes. Television sets, desktop computers, gaming systems, radios etc. One device in particular that floods the pockets of most people is cell phones. That s not just one type of cell phone, but all cell phones in general. The Benefit of having this device is that you can communicate with loved ones, but with your advantages comes your disadvantages. The heavy impression that drawbacks of cell phones leave can be blinding. These cons for all cells phone users is that we tune others out and never clock out of work. Although communicating with loved ones is a large benefit. cell phones can even be beneficial to get ahold of emergency personnel for those critical times that everyone will endure. One benefit of cell phones is communicating with loved ones in times of distance. There are millions who carry this device e verywhere they go. I assume we do this because as human beings we simply love to communicate. Everyone has someone in there lives that are comfortable to talk to. The shyest person in the world still has surroundings that they are use to amongst others. This is why cell phones are truly a benefit. Users as a whole can take notice to this factor as an advantage because we all have loved ones. Another Benefit of cell phones are there factors thatShow MoreRelatedCell Phones for Young People Useful or Distracting?1031 Words   |  5 Pages There has always been controversy as to whether texting and cell phone use can cause young people to be less likely to be able to concentrate and focus. As young citizens we have the right to be able to own a cell phone and not be criticized using it for educational reasons. 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